Stochastic Combinatorial Optimization via Poisson Approximation

We study several stochastic combinatorial problems, including the expected utility maximization problem, the stochastic knapsack problem and the stochastic bin packing problem. A common technical challenge in these problems is to optimize some function of the sum of a set of random variables. The difficulty is mainly due to the fact that the probability distribution of the sum is the convolution of a set of distributions, which is not an easy objective function to work with. To tackle this difficulty, we introduce the Poisson approximation technique. The technique is based on the Poisson approximation theorem discovered by Le Cam, which enables us to approximate the distribution of the sum of a set of random variables using a compound Poisson distribution. We first study the expected utility maximization problem introduced recently [Li and Despande, FOCS11]. For monotone and Lipschitz utility functions, we obtain an additive PTAS if there is a multidimensional PTAS for the multi-objective version of the problem, strictly generalizing the previous result. For the stochastic bin packing problem (introduced in [Kleinberg, Rabani and Tardos, STOC97]), we show there is a polynomial time algorithm which uses at most the optimal number of bins, if we relax the size of each bin and the overflow probability by eps. For stochastic knapsack, we show a 1+eps-approximation using eps extra capacity, even when the size and reward of each item may be correlated and cancelations of items are allowed. This generalizes the previous work [Balghat, Goel and Khanna, SODA11] for the case without correlation and cancelation. Our algorithm is also simpler. We also present a factor 2+eps approximation algorithm for stochastic knapsack with cancelations. the current known approximation factor of 8 [Gupta, Krishnaswamy, Molinaro and Ravi, FOCS11].Comment: 42 pages, 1 figure, Preliminary version appears in the Proceeding of the 45th ACM Symposium on the Theory of Computing (STOC13

Virtual contributions from D∗(2007)0D^{\ast}(2007)^0 and D∗(2010)±D^{\ast}(2010)^{\pm} in the B→DπhB\to D\pi h decays

We study the quasi-two-body decays $B\to D^*h \to D\pi h$ with $h=(\pi, K)$ in the perturbative QCD approach and focus on the virtual contributions from the off-shell $D^{\ast}(2007)^0$ and $D^{\ast}(2010)^{\pm}$ in the four measured decays $\bar B^0 \to D^0\pi^+\pi^-$, $\bar B^0\to D^0\pi^+K^-$, $B^- \to D^+\pi^-\pi^-$ and $B^- \to D^+\pi^-K^-$. For the $\bar B^0 \to D^{*+}\pi^-\to D^0\pi^+\pi^-$ and $\bar B^0\to D^{*+}K^-\to D^0\pi^+K^-$ decays, their branching fractions concentrate in a very small region of $m_{D^0\pi^+}$ near $D^{*+}$ pole mass, and the virtual contributions from $D^{*+}$, in the region $m_{D^0\pi^+}>2.1$ GeV, are about $5\%$ of the corresponding quasi-two-body results. We define two ratios $R_{D^{*+}}$ and $R_{D^{*0}}$, from which we conclude that the flavor-$SU(3)$ symmetry will be maintained for the $B\to D^* h\to D\pi h$ decays with very small breaking at any physical value of the $m_{D\pi}$. The $B^-\to D^{*0}\pi^-\to D^0\pi^0\pi^-$ and $B^-\to D^{*0}K^-\to D^0\pi^0K^-$ decays can be employed as a constraint for the $D^{*0}$ decay width, with preferred values consistent with previous theoretical predictions for this quantity.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures. Published versio